How to Write a Summary: Steps, Length and Example
Blog / ACADEMIC WRITING
A summary condenses a text to its main idea and key supporting points, in your own words. A common guideline is to aim for roughly 10–25% of the original length, depending on your purpose.
Find the main idea
Read the whole text first. Then write one sentence answering: what is the author's central point?
That sentence usually becomes the first line of your summary, along with the author and title.
Choose key points only
List the main supporting points — usually one per section or paragraph. Leave out examples, anecdotes and minor details.
Do not add your opinion unless the assignment asks for a response.
Write in your own words
Write from your notes, not by copying sentences. Keep the author's meaning and emphasis.
Use signal phrases such as "the author argues" so readers know whose ideas they are reading.
Check the length
Paste the original and your summary into the word counter. A 2,000-word article might become a 200–400 word summary.
If you are given a word limit, cut details before cutting main points.
Frequently asked questions
How long should a summary be?
Often 10–25% of the original, or whatever your instructions specify.
Should a summary include quotes?
Rarely. Use your own words.
Do summaries need citations?
Yes, name and cite the source.